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Anthropo-éthologie des non-humains politiques

Vinciane Despret

English

The temptation to seek in primates our own origin is still found in ethology. More broadly speaking, we see that the animal kingdom is often used as an anthropological operator of identity, using either similitude or inversion or contrast. The observation data most often reflect values, or even preferences, concerning modes of social organization. However, this observation should not lead to relativism. On the contrary, it invites us to envisage ethological knowledge as constructing humans and animals at the same time, together. This article sets out to explore the concrete conditions in which this kind of knowledge can be constructed.

French

La tentation d'interroger les primates en leur posant la question de notre origine reste présente dans le domaine de l'éthologie. Plus largement, on peut remarquer que l'animal se constitue souvent comme un opérateur anthropologique d'identité, soit par similitude, soit par inversion ou contraste. Or, les faits issus des observations traduisent le plus souvent des valeurs, voire reflètent des préférences quant aux modes d'organisation sociale. Ce constat ne doit pas nous conduire au relativisme. Il nous invite au contraire à envisager le savoir de l'éthologie comme un savoir qui construit simultanément l'identité de l'homme et de l'animal, ensemble. Cet article se propose d'explorer les conditions concrètes dans lesquelles ce type de savoir peut se constituer.

Key Words: Anthropology • Human–animal organization • Origin • Primates • Values

Social Science Information, Vol. 45, No. 2, 209-226 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0539018406063635


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